Authorities Cited: United States Patent and Trademark Office U.S. Patent No. 4,822,345 U.S. Patent No. 5,163,921 U.S. Patent No. 5,299,574 U.S. Patent No. 5,445,625 United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(1) 35 U.S.C. § 102 35 U.S.C. § 103 35 U.S.C. § 282 Supreme Court 339 U.S. 605, 609 509 U.S. 86, 97 511 U.S. 298, 311-312 520 U.S. 17, 21-40 535 U.S. 722, 740-741 547 U.S. 388, 391 Circuit Courts 645 F.2d 880, 883 717 F.2d 1380 796 F.2d 1307, 1310 10 F.3d 1374, 1380-1381 52 F.3d 967, 981 77 F.3d 1215, 1231 114 F.3d 1161, 1164 126 F.3d 1420, 1426 138 F.3d 1448, 1456 140 F.3d 1009, 1014-1015 156 F.3d 1182, 1186-1187 210 F.3d 1207, 1227 247 F.3d 1202, 1209-1210 299 F.3d 1313, 1325 315 F.3d 1271, 1278 334 F.3d 1314, 1325-1326 361 F.3d 1355, 1359 363 F.3d 1247, 1252 366 F.3d 1336, 1340 370 F.3d 1131, 1139 376 F.3d 1352, 1359 381 F.3d 1111, 1116 415 F.3d 1303, 1313-1323 424 F.3d 1168, 1174 427 F.3d 1375, 1378-1379 437 F.3d 1376, 1377-1378 439 F.3d 1312, 1320-1321 450 F.3d 1132, 1139 460 F.3d 1349, 1357-1363 466 F.3d 1156, 1160 469 F.3d 1005, 1018-1019 476 F.3d 887 476 F.3d 1337, 1343 480 F.3d 1348, 1359 483 F.3d 1364, 1371 497 F.3d 1079, 1094 497 F.3d 1360 520 F.3d 1367, 1378 521 F.3d 1257, 1265-1266 523 F.3d 1323, 1328-1338 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 50(a)(1) Fed. R. Civ. P. 51(d)(2)