Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(3) Supreme Court 140 U.S. 453, 475 299 U.S. 5, 11 366 U.S. 187, 194 373 U.S. 49, 54 457 U.S. 176, 180-184 489 U.S. 353, 365 Circuit Courts 678 F.2d 180, 183-189 840 F.2d 1565, 1572 41 F.3d 647, 652-656 64 F.3d 1531, 1539 111 F.3d 878, 882 201 F.3d 451, 458 254 F.3d 1367, 1378 403 F.3d 1331, 1337