Authorities Cited: United States Code 29 U.S.C. § 1302 Supreme Court 411 U.S. 792, 802-805 450 U.S. 248, 254 477 U.S. 242, 247-248 530 U.S. 133, 142-150 Circuit Courts 751 F.2d 1405, 1415 156 F.3d 1284, 1288-1295 203 F.3d 843, 848 271 F.3d 285, 297 275 F.3d 1096, 1103 298 F.3d 989, 991-996 328 F.3d 647, 654 336 F.3d 1085, 1088-1089 392 F.3d 478, 485 433 F.3d 889, 897-899 446 F.3d 148, 150 475 F.3d 360, 363-366 520 F.3d 490, 493-494 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) 495 F. Supp. 2d 2, 9