Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1291 28 U.S.C. § 1331 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 398 U.S. 144, 158 440 U.S. 648, 659 457 U.S. 800, 818-819 462 U.S. 696, 703 468 U.S. 183, 195 471 U.S. 1, 7-11 475 U.S. 335, 341 477 U.S. 242, 248-249 483 U.S. 635, 639 490 U.S. 386, 388-396 510 U.S. 510, 516 526 U.S. 603, 615-617 533 U.S. 194, 200-209 536 U.S. 14 536 U.S. 730, 741 Circuit Courts 481 F.2d 1028, 1033 830 F.2d 237, 261-262 1 F.3d 1297, 1303-1304 101 F.3d 748, 760 120 F.3d 298, 302 365 F.3d 20, 28 473 F.3d 329, 331-333 506 F.3d 1063, 1068 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)