Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 449 U.S. 166, 179 449 U.S. 456, 463-464 472 U.S. 511, 526-527 473 U.S. 432, 446 485 U.S. 1, 14 505 U.S. 1, 16 508 U.S. 307, 309-315 509 U.S. 312, 321 511 U.S. 863, 868 528 U.S. 562, 563-564 Circuit Courts 716 F.2d 646, 654-655 847 F.2d 593, 596 917 F.2d 1150, 1155-1156 14 F.3d 449, 453-454 68 F.3d 1180, 1187 75 F.3d 1311, 1316-1317 145 F.3d 1078, 1082 266 F.3d 979, 988 306 F.3d 842, 872 307 F.3d 1119 333 F.3d 1018, 1026 342 F.3d 903, 908 375 F.3d 936, 944 478 F.3d 985, 993-995 500 F.3d 978, 999 506 F.3d 895, 899-900 526 F.3d 478, 486 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6)