Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1331 29 U.S.C. § 185(a) 29 U.S.C. § 1002(7) 29 U.S.C. § 1051(1) 29 U.S.C. § 1053 29 U.S.C. § 1132 Supreme Court 327 U.S. 678, 682 373 U.S. 647, 649 424 U.S. 800, 817 430 U.S. 243, 249 446 U.S. 359, 363-378 489 U.S. 101, 117-118 501 U.S. 190, 206-207 514 U.S. 73, 78 520 U.S. 510, 514-515 Circuit Courts 692 F.2d 641 722 F.2d 579, 582 725 F.2d 1221 783 F.2d 919, 921-922 785 F.2d 1410, 1411 911 F.2d 1347, 1352 14 F.3d 1374, 1378 61 F.3d 1437, 1441 93 F.3d 243, 250 133 F.3d 388, 400 159 F.3d 388, 392 188 F.3d 130, 139 197 F.3d 1003, 1005 204 F.3d 861, 865 237 F.3d 1154 274 F.3d 90, 100 401 F.3d 779, 784-786 420 F.3d 1062, 1079 463 F.3d 360, 377 526 F.3d 528, 530 520 F. Supp. 942, 943-946