Authorities Cited: United States Code 16 U.S.C. § 824 28 U.S.C. § 2680(a) 42 U.S.C. § 2011 42 U.S.C. § 2014(hh) 42 U.S.C. § 2014(q) 42 U.S.C. § 2210 42 U.S.C. § 2210(d)(7) Supreme Court 309 U.S. 18, 20-21 414 U.S. 538 461 U.S. 190, 208-212 487 U.S. 500 501 U.S. 104, 108 507 U.S. 529, 534 509 U.S. 579, 589-595 544 U.S. 349, 359 Circuit Courts 216 F. 72 306 F.2d 882 529 F.2d 935, 942 566 F.2d 541, 546-547 704 F.2d 444, 447-449 745 F.2d 715, 721 754 F.2d 1485, 1488 770 F.2d 556, 564 779 F.2d 1393, 1396 842 F.2d 1090, 1092 861 F.2d 224, 226 887 F.2d 955, 957 940 F.2d 832, 854-859 13 F.3d 1090, 1099-1105 43 F.3d 1311, 1321 67 F.3d 1103, 1115 96 F.3d 1270, 1278 108 F.3d 1546, 1553 112 F.3d 1040, 1047 146 F.3d 1305, 1308 147 F.3d 895, 900 161 F.3d 1226, 1229-1230 187 F.3d 1080, 1089 200 F.3d 1237, 1254 241 F.3d 1114, 1119 262 F.3d 914, 919 292 F.3d 1124 293 F.3d 1127 327 F.3d 876, 883 327 F.3d 986, 990 339 F.3d 1049, 1057-1058 413 F.3d 553, 569 430 F.3d 1231, 1236-1237 440 F.3d 1138, 1143 496 F.3d 245, 256 521 F.3d 1028 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b) Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b)(3) Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(b) 289 F. Supp. 2d 1132, 1150 294 F. Supp. 2d 431, 451 350 F. Supp. 2d 871, 888 409 F. Supp. 326, 329 549 F. Supp. 903, 920-921 756 F. Supp. 1416, 1421 835 F. Supp. 959 Federal Rules of Evidence Fed. R. Evid. 403 Fed. R. Evid. 411 Fed. R. Evid. 703