Authorities Cited: Supreme Court 365 U.S. 505, 511 445 U.S. 573, 586 480 U.S. 294, 300-301 494 U.S. 325, 327 519 U.S. 148 533 U.S. 194, 201-202 547 U.S. 843, 856 Circuit Courts 606 F.2d 861 928 F.2d 894 67 F.3d 790 107 F.3d 712, 715 122 F.3d 841 256 F.3d 886, 890 314 F.3d 1105 337 F.3d 1104, 1107 425 F.3d 698, 705 432 F.3d 1072, 1075-1080 447 F.3d 1257, 1262-1266 468 F.3d 1141, 1142 476 F.3d 781, 784 485 F.3d 463, 470 498 F.3d 993, 997 515 F.3d 947, 951-952 516 F.3d 1117, 1122 Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(9) Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)