Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1981 42 U.S.C. § 1981(b) Supreme Court 411 U.S. 792 455 U.S. 385, 393 Circuit Courts 839 F.2d 621, 626 881 F.2d 647, 654 883 F.2d 1472, 1476 121 F.3d 496, 502 180 F.3d 468, 474 229 F.3d 917, 923 235 F.3d 972, 975 272 F.3d 1136, 1140-1141 285 F.3d 764, 779 303 F.3d 1039, 1052 339 F.3d 792, 798 384 F.3d 840, 850 424 F.3d 1027, 1037 439 F.3d 1018, 1028 474 F.3d 387 504 F.3d 919, 930-935 754 F.3d 1100, 1104 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)