Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1291 28 U.S.C. § 1746 Supreme Court 524 U.S. 742, 765 524 U.S. 775, 807-808 Circuit Courts 454 F.2d 1083, 1093 109 F.3d 1261, 1265 286 F.3d 1051, 1058-1059 318 F.3d 796, 801 324 F.3d 1252, 1259 367 F.3d 751, 756 408 F.3d 410, 421 425 F.3d 1109, 1111 434 F.3d 1051, 1055 460 F.3d 979, 984 461 F.3d 967, 979 461 F.3d 982, 990 480 F.3d 865, 869 483 F.3d 516, 526-527 500 F.3d 710, 718-721 507 F.3d 1139, 1143-1144 508 F.3d 1137, 1142 512 F.3d 1013, 1018 516 F.3d 695, 702 517 F.3d 526, 531 Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Fed. R. App. P. 43(c)(2) Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) 287 F. Supp. 2d 230 Federal Rules of Evidence Fed. R. Evid. 801(c)