Authorities Cited: United States Code 11 U.S.C. § 552(a) 11 U.S.C. § 1141(c) Supreme Court 499 U.S. 1, 23-24 509 U.S. 443, 457 517 U.S. 559, 568-587 532 U.S. 424, 436 538 U.S. 408, 416-425 Circuit Courts 50 F.3d 459, 462 83 F.3d 1020, 1025-1026 108 F.3d 832, 845 284 F.3d 949 309 F.3d 479, 482 341 F.3d 738, 743-744 344 F.3d 738, 743-747 370 F.3d 824, 827-829 381 F.3d 811, 825 418 F.3d 820, 837-840 420 F.3d 738, 743 442 F.3d 661, 669 456 F.3d 668, 676 461 F.3d 1048, 418-1052 475 F.3d 926, 929-930 493 F.3d 968, 974 494 F.3d 727, 735 495 F.3d 945, 949 519 F.3d 640, 648 526 F.3d 142, 154 526 F.3d 377, 381 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 50(a)(1)