Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 844(i) Supreme Court 391 U.S. 123 481 U.S. 200 506 U.S. 534, 537 527 U.S. 1, 15 Circuit Courts 900 F.2d 1270, 1280 101 F.3d 1263, 1270 103 F.3d 660, 667 159 F.3d 1117, 1125-1126 238 F.3d 970, 974 349 F.3d 1077, 1085 359 F.3d 977, 987-991 378 F.3d 810, 817-819 439 F.3d 875, 881-882 486 F.3d 458, 464-465 487 F.3d 646, 656 494 F.3d 13, 20-21 501 F.3d 862, 865 510 F.3d 804, 807 513 F.3d 795, 800-802 515 F.3d 794, 804-806 521 F.3d 1019, 1026 523 F.3d 858, 861 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Fed. R. Crim. P. 8(b) Fed. R. Crim. P. 14 Federal Rules of Evidence Fed. R. Evid. 103(a)