Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 2 21 U.S.C. § 841(c)(2) Supreme Court 415 U.S. 164, 171 439 U.S. 128, 148 490 U.S. 1, 7 497 U.S. 177, 181-188 534 U.S. 266, 273 547 U.S. 103 Circuit Courts 861 F.2d 396, 400 944 F.2d 396, 403 40 F.3d 910, 916-918 48 F.3d 309, 312 105 F.3d 1235, 1239 152 F.3d 1025, 1027 236 F.3d 932, 934-936 285 F.3d 716, 720 462 F.3d 981, 987 475 F.3d 946, 953 483 F.3d 711, 716 484 F.3d 1059, 1062 486 F.3d 367, 371 512 F.3d 466, 471 521 F.3d 852, 854 433 F. Supp. 2d 163, 169 682 F. Supp. 1182, 1185-1186