Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 286 18 U.S.C. § 1035 18 U.S.C. § 3486 18 U.S.C. § 3486(a) 28 U.S.C. § 1291 31 U.S.C. § 3729 Supreme Court 317 U.S. 501, 509 327 U.S. 186, 208-213 338 U.S. 632, 652-653 347 U.S. 222, 224 379 U.S. 48, 56 523 U.S. 296, 301 Circuit Courts 581 F.2d 589, 594 751 F.2d 220, 226 228 F.3d 341, 350 253 F.3d 256, 265-269 448 F.3d 1035, 1038-1040 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Fed. R. Crim. P. 17(c)