Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 262 U.S. 447, 488 322 U.S. 385, 388-389 369 U.S. 186, 204-208 426 U.S. 26, 37 441 U.S. 91, 99 454 U.S. 464, 472 490 U.S. 605, 613 499 U.S. 225, 231 504 U.S. 555, 560-574 515 U.S. 737, 742-745 517 U.S. 793, 797-805 520 U.S. 1117 520 U.S. 1166 521 U.S. 811, 818-819 524 U.S. 11, 23 547 U.S. 1130 Circuit Courts 435 F.2d 1046, 1055 570 F.2d 1065, 1074 657 F.2d 691, 693 27 F.3d 751, 761 93 F.3d 449, 455-457 99 F.3d 911, 923-924 225 F.3d 1271, 1277 265 F.3d 69, 74-75 305 F.3d 834, 838 370 F.3d 924, 929-930 457 F.3d 766, 770 490 F.3d 965, 974-975 495 F.3d 1324