Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 435 U.S. 247, 253-255 457 U.S. 800, 818 475 U.S. 312, 320-321 503 U.S. 1, 8-10 511 U.S. 825, 832-834 533 U.S. 194, 201 536 U.S. 730, 741 Circuit Courts 584 F.2d 1345, 1348 654 F.2d 1007, 1009-1012 728 F.2d 1407, 1409 742 F.2d 469, 474 791 F.2d 97, 99-101 818 F.2d 21, 23 866 F.2d 1135, 1138-1139 961 F.2d 1374, 1378 995 F.2d 817, 822-823 12 F.3d 754, 757 60 F.3d 487, 488 89 F.3d 538, 541 102 F.3d 1564 109 F.3d 1292, 1296-1298 110 F.3d 520, 525 122 F.3d 650, 653 145 F.3d 1355, 1360-1361 207 F.3d 491, 496-497 241 F.3d 1267, 1271-1272 262 F.3d 687, 692 316 F.3d 777, 788 403 F.3d 598, 601 447 F.3d 1021, 1025 475 F.3d 926, 929 487 F.3d 1072, 1079-1080 508 F.3d 868, 870-872