Authorities Cited: United States Code 29 U.S.C. § 1102(a)(1) 29 U.S.C. § 1109 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(2) 29 U.S.C. § 1132(e)(1) 45 U.S.C. § 184 45 U.S.C. § 185 Supreme Court 373 U.S. 33, 39 512 U.S. 246, 252 Circuit Courts 627 F.2d 272, 277 840 F.2d 564, 566 918 F.2d 724, 729 974 F.2d 101, 103-104 994 F.2d 1101, 1105-1106 5 F.3d 1141, 1148 44 F.3d 650, 655 140 F.3d 1190, 1196 162 F.3d 410, 422 165 F.3d 579, 583 187 F.3d 970, 972-974 194 F.3d 173 454 F.3d 120, 125 486 F.3d 342, 347 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1) Fed. R. Civ. P. 23 927 F. Supp. 478