Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 871(a) Supreme Court 394 U.S. 705, 707-708 505 U.S. 377, 388 507 U.S. 87, 94-96 538 U.S. 343, 347-360 Circuit Courts 719 F.2d 1258, 1260 806 F.2d 703, 706-707 876 F.2d 383, 391 895 F.2d 1186, 1192-1193 910 F.2d 1569, 1570-1571 31 F.3d 550, 553 163 F.3d 1212, 1214-1216 166 F.3d 907, 912-914 170 F.3d 698, 702 230 F.3d 1019, 1026 270 F.3d 1076, 1081 275 F.3d 490, 516 300 F.3d 740, 749 306 F.3d 616, 624 337 F.3d 792, 797 375 F.3d 1243, 1248 387 F.3d 643, 646-648 393 F.3d 608, 616-617 408 F.3d 252, 258-633 408 F.3d 624, 631-633 411 F.3d 825, 827-828 413 F.3d 1044, 1051 420 F.3d 1007, 1016-1018 420 F.3d 1136, 1139 431 F.3d 994, 1001-1002 484 F.3d 934, 937 505 F.3d 754, 764 507 F.3d 581, 589 523 F.3d 691, 698-699 531 F.3d 824, 831 Federal Sentencing Guidelines U.S.S.G. §3A1.4 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Fed. R. Crim. P. 52(b) Federal Rules of Evidence Fed. R. Evid. 403