Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 470 U.S. 532 475 U.S. 574, 586 519 U.S. 337, 346 520 U.S. 924 548 U.S. 53, 57-68 Circuit Courts 957 F.2d 397, 399 124 F.3d 887, 890 205 F.3d 976, 982 220 F.3d 825, 828-829 276 F.3d 345, 359 281 F.3d 640, 643-644 355 F.3d 961, 964 361 F.3d 416, 420 368 F.3d 657, 685-686 375 F.3d 552, 561 388 F.3d 559, 569 389 F.3d 765, 771-772 394 F.3d 977, 983 395 F.3d 747, 759 412 F.3d 771, 775 416 F.3d 540, 546-547 458 F.3d 620, 628 463 F.3d 731, 737 469 F.3d 1122, 1125 471 F.3d 766, 775 474 F.3d 387, 405 496 F.3d 820, 826 510 F.3d 772, 785-786 512 F.3d 896, 898 513 F.3d 680, 689 515 F.3d 757, 764 518 F.3d 479, 484 519 F.3d 393, 401 519 F.3d 677, 681 526 F.3d 981, 989 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)