Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 481 U.S. 35, 39 490 U.S. 504 509 U.S. 579 517 U.S. 559, 575-584 522 U.S. 136, 142-143 526 U.S. 137, 153-154 526 U.S. 687, 709 532 U.S. 424, 433 538 U.S. 408, 419-425 Circuit Courts 409 F.2d 331, 334 627 F.2d 54, 56 704 F.2d 963, 971 814 F.2d 403, 405 822 F.2d 1438 831 F.2d 700 901 F.2d 68, 70 956 F.2d 1388, 1397-1398 991 F.2d 374, 379 62 F.3d 948, 952 92 F.3d 582 97 F.3d 914, 919 131 F.3d 1192 284 F.3d 795, 799 400 F.3d 486 402 F.3d 752, 758 434 F.3d 1006 440 F.3d 421, 429 472 F.3d 458, 465-466 507 F.3d 1092 Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(A) Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4)(A)(iv) Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(7)(A)(i) Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(7)(A)(ii) Fed. R. App. P. 30(a)(1)(B) Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 37 Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(a)(2) Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) Fed. R. Civ. P. 58(a)(1)(E) Fed. R. Civ. P. 59 Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b) Federal Rules of Evidence Fed. R. Evid. 403 Fed. R. Evid. 404 Fed. R. Evid. 404(b) Fed. R. Evid. 609(a)(1) Fed. R. Evid. 609(a)(2) Fed. R. Evid. 702 Fed. R. Evid. 702(1)