Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 42 U.S.C. § 1988 Supreme Court 303 U.S. 444, 451-452 308 U.S. 147, 160-164 319 U.S. 105, 108 319 U.S. 141, 149 327 U.S. 251, 264 431 U.S. 85, 93 435 U.S. 247, 264-266 452 U.S. 640, 647 460 U.S. 37, 45-46 461 U.S. 171, 183-184 466 U.S. 789, 809-812 472 U.S. 675, 689 475 U.S. 41, 51 477 U.S. 299, 307-308 477 U.S. 317, 322-323 491 U.S. 781, 791-802 505 U.S. 672, 678-679 528 U.S. 377, 392 536 U.S. 150, 164-169 Circuit Courts 767 F.2d 1248, 1257 796 F.2d 1547, 1552-1559 842 F.2d 1186, 1193 875 F.2d 1310, 1314 979 F.2d 499, 506 15 F.3d 680, 684 68 F.3d 1257, 1264 121 F.3d 136, 140 160 F.3d 1214, 1219 185 F.3d 823, 829 225 F.3d 899, 906-907 257 F.3d 449, 459-460 267 F.3d 558, 566 299 F.3d 624, 631 310 F.3d 1029, 1030-1042 377 F.3d 795, 798 409 F.3d 261 433 F.3d 975, 978 467 F.3d 1057, 1060-1061 474 F.3d 437, 448-449 475 F.3d 853, 856 477 F.3d 466, 473-474 499 F.3d 629 518 F.3d 518, 522 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(c) Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(d)(1) Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)