Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b) 28 U.S.C. § 1367 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 298 U.S. 178, 188-190 359 U.S. 500, 508-511 534 U.S. 516, 523-525 549 U.S. 199 Circuit Courts 76 F.3d 132, 134-135 149 F.3d 709, 711 216 F.3d 1119, 1122 286 F.3d 1022, 1025 302 F.3d 707, 712-713 315 F.3d 1108, 1119-1120 366 F.3d 569, 577-578 368 F.3d 1320, 1331-1332 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)