Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1291 28 U.S.C. § 1331 28 U.S.C. § 1367 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 310 U.S. 296, 305 420 U.S. 546, 554 509 U.S. 544, 550 513 U.S. 454, 465-466 534 U.S. 316, 321 547 U.S. 410, 421-422 Circuit Courts 218 F.3d 639, 642 278 F.3d 693, 699 370 F.3d 668, 678 371 F.3d 928, 942 441 F.3d 476, 481 450 F.3d 280, 284 453 F.3d 463, 468 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)