Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 436 U.S. 658 489 U.S. 378, 388 502 U.S. 21, 25 512 U.S. 477 Circuit Courts 913 F.2d 1204, 1208 922 F.2d 346, 355 75 F.3d 1162, 1168 95 F.3d 492, 495 97 F.3d 914, 917 123 F.3d 956, 967-968 146 F.3d 459, 461 171 F.3d 546, 549 183 F.3d 734, 737 216 F.3d 596, 599 272 F.3d 519, 522 300 F.3d 829, 833 356 F.3d 740, 748 433 F.3d 913, 915 481 F.3d 543, 550 488 F.3d 756, 761 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)