Authorities Cited: Supreme Court 395 U.S. 752, 763 467 U.S. 431 Circuit Courts 611 F.2d 1056, 1062 677 F.2d 602, 607 706 F.2d 321, 324-325 910 F.2d 1571, 1573 926 F.2d 883, 887-888 955 F.2d 712, 710-721 22 F.3d 674, 683 41 F.3d 192, 197-198 69 F.3d 309, 320 85 F.3d 664, 669 100 F.3d 1409, 1413-1419 127 F.3d 663, 667-668 129 F.3d 974, 979-980 179 F.3d 1030, 1035-1036 380 F.3d 1013, 1014 405 F.3d 797, 801-802 446 F.3d 554, 557 466 F.3d 1090, 1091 483 F.3d 425, 430 488 F.3d 6 512 F.3d 383, 387 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Fed. R. Crim. P. 51(a)