Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 1961(4) 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 421 U.S. 723, 741 452 U.S. 576, 583 459 U.S. 519, 528 473 U.S. 479, 496 483 U.S. 143, 152-153 492 U.S. 229, 250 521 U.S. 179, 186-190 528 U.S. 549, 553-560 531 U.S. 953 536 U.S. 101, 117 544 U.S. 336, 347-348 Circuit Courts 709 F.2d 214, 223-224 745 F.2d 1101, 1106 763 F.2d 628, 632 773 F.2d 807, 821 883 F.2d 48, 50-51 910 F.2d 1434, 1439 924 F.2d 1362, 1367 928 F.2d 940, 944 957 F.2d 1375, 1379-1380 972 F.2d 1452, 1456-1466 10 F.3d 1468, 1473 15 F.3d 963, 969 29 F.3d 1114, 1118-1119 40 F.3d 209, 212-213 52 F.3d 640, 644 78 F.3d 1164, 1166 132 F.3d 115, 119 167 F.3d 621, 625 198 F.3d 578, 582-583 207 F.3d 910, 914 227 F.3d 950, 954 229 F.3d 673, 676 230 F.3d 765, 772-773 240 F.3d 1233, 1237 253 F.3d 316, 318-320 258 F.3d 629, 633 262 F.3d 260, 266 344 F.3d 738, 752 350 F.3d 623, 626 469 F.3d 667, 672 486 F.3d 541, 551 490 F.3d 143, 157-158 515 F.3d 224, 231-232 289 F. Supp. 2d 986, 995