Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 379 U.S. 89, 90 436 U.S. 658 441 U.S. 520, 559 443 U.S. 31, 37 446 U.S. 544, 553 471 U.S. 1, 8 475 U.S. 335, 343 475 U.S. 574, 586 477 U.S. 242, 249-252 477 U.S. 317, 322-323 483 U.S. 635, 638-643 490 U.S. 386, 396-397 502 U.S. 224, 227 512 U.S. 477 533 U.S. 194, 201 Circuit Courts 830 F.2d 706, 713-714 841 F.2d 181, 183 992 F.2d 734, 738 998 F.2d 431, 434 51 F.3d 1336, 1341 68 F.3d 203, 207 77 F.3d 1045, 1048 110 F.3d 467, 471 121 F.3d 1106, 1113 149 F.3d 641, 646 165 F.3d 1071, 1080-1081 183 F.3d 655, 658 242 F.3d 737, 742 279 F.3d 463, 468 321 F.3d 680, 683 337 F.3d 767, 770-778 349 F.3d 989, 993-1004 385 F.3d 1104, 1109 401 F.3d 803, 808-810 420 F.3d 679, 686 423 F.3d 763, 768 442 F.3d 544, 547 449 F.3d 751, 762 493 F.3d 833, 836 497 F.3d 742, 749 511 F.3d 673, 687 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) Fed. R. Civ. P. 83(a)(1)