Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 392 U.S. 1, 16-19 436 U.S. 658, 694-695 446 U.S. 544, 554 457 U.S. 800, 818 477 U.S. 242, 247-252 489 U.S. 378, 385-388 489 U.S. 602, 618 490 U.S. 386, 395-396 499 U.S. 621, 624-625 501 U.S. 429, 437 533 U.S. 194, 202 538 U.S. 626, 629 543 U.S. 194, 198 Circuit Courts 863 F.2d 1302, 1307 959 F.2d 590, 592 31 F.3d 375, 384-387 32 F.3d 989, 995-996 194 F.3d 692, 697 272 F.3d 804, 808 286 F.3d 295, 301 336 F.3d 515, 519 377 F.3d 582, 587 384 F.3d 283, 292 390 F.3d 486, 493 398 F.3d 837, 849 408 F.3d 803, 816 411 F.3d 762, 776 418 F.3d 676, 684-685 448 F.3d 887, 893 468 F.3d 405, 412 469 F.3d 479, 487 486 F.3d 949, 954 529 F.3d 673, 681 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e)