Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 49 U.S.C. § 30127 Supreme Court 475 U.S. 574, 586-587 477 U.S. 242, 252 509 U.S. 579 526 U.S. 137 Circuit Courts 667 F.2d 1364, 1367-1368 913 F.2d 89 212 F.3d 929, 934 218 F.3d 566, 575-578 285 F.3d 609 302 F.3d 367, 375 330 F.3d 919 342 F.3d 1032, 1036 344 F.3d 479, 486 380 F.3d 893, 907 389 F.3d 555, 560 398 F.3d 491 432 F.3d 640 434 F.3d 810, 815 440 F.3d 320, 327 449 F.3d 721, 727 484 F.3d 426, 427 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) 376 F. Supp. 2d 664, 667 778 F. Supp. 1421, 1427 981 F. Supp. 533, 536 Federal Rules of Evidence Fed. R. Evid. 201(a) Fed. R. Evid. 702