Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 277 U.S. 183, 187-188 408 U.S. 564, 577 429 U.S. 252, 263 452 U.S. 264, 297 473 U.S. 172 490 U.S. 386, 394-395 528 U.S. 562 544 U.S. 528, 543 545 U.S. 323, 351 Circuit Courts 849 F.2d 890 904 F.2d 497, 500 951 F.2d 700, 704 961 F.2d 1211, 1217 966 F.2d 1031, 1036-1037 968 F.2d 584, 587 970 F.2d 154, 159-160 130 F.3d 731, 739 263 F.3d 627, 642 296 F.3d 404, 409 304 F.3d 563, 576 381 F.3d 511 397 F.3d 427, 435 411 F.3d 697, 705-708 427 F.3d 1035, 1037 434 F.3d 898, 902 448 F.3d 853, 857-861