Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A)(ii) 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a) Supreme Court 435 U.S. 371, 379-380 514 U.S. 549 522 U.S. 1139 529 U.S. 598 543 U.S. 1098 545 U.S. 1 Circuit Courts 959 F.2d 63, 68 68 F.3d 396, 398-399 78 F.3d 1506, 1509 108 F.3d 1460, 1465 116 F.3d 1384, 1387 119 F.3d 1205 120 F.3d 985, 987 122 F.3d 146, 147 122 F.3d 235 122 F.3d 1185 137 F.3d 1094, 1102 139 F.3d 840 143 F.3d 772, 775 151 F.3d 446, 456 155 F.3d 1219, 1224 165 F.3d 1020 179 F.3d 230 182 F.3d 452 222 F.3d 1286, 1294-1295 287 F.3d 422, 452 311 F.3d 376, 409-410 323 F.3d 480, 484-485 342 F.3d 444, 462 371 F.3d 22, 28 404 F.3d 754, 766 443 F.3d 978, 983 461 F.3d 298, 306-307 473 F.3d 680, 681-684 477 F.3d 407, 416 480 F.3d 1178, 1179 491 F.3d 25, 37 493 F.3d 856, 861 509 F.3d 277, 281 Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)