Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 425 U.S. 308, 318 436 U.S. 658, 694 450 U.S. 288, 301 489 U.S. 378, 388 520 U.S. 397, 403 Circuit Courts 699 F.2d 204 735 F.2d 861, 862 951 F.2d 1453 45 F.3d 969, 977 174 F.3d 661 423 F.3d 460, 465 482 F.3d 802, 805 513 F.3d 194, 200 519 F.3d 239, 255 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) Fed. R. Civ. P. 61 Federal Rules of Evidence Fed. R. Evid. 403