Authorities Cited: United States Code 15 U.S.C. § 7241(a) 15 U.S.C. § 7241(a)(4)(A) 15 U.S.C. § 7241(a)(4)(C) Supreme Court 439 U.S. 522, 544 544 U.S. 336, 341-342 Circuit Courts 901 F.2d 624, 627 919 F.2d 290, 297 992 F.2d 517, 522 9 F.3d 405, 407 14 F.3d 1061, 1068-1070 47 F.3d 47, 53 93 F.3d 987, 992 101 F.3d 263, 270 114 F.3d 1410, 1425 183 F.3d 542, 553 190 F.3d 609, 621 194 F.3d 185, 197-205 216 F.3d 300, 307 256 F.3d 1194, 1208 267 F.3d 400, 408-425 270 F.3d 645, 664 280 F.3d 997, 1006 287 F.3d 992, 998 291 F.3d 336, 353-358 292 F.3d 424, 430-435 317 F.3d 820, 828 332 F.3d 854, 866-867 339 F.3d 1182, 1191 340 F.3d 238, 242-251 365 F.3d 353 394 F.3d 126, 155 395 F.3d 851, 855 397 F.3d 249, 264 409 F.3d 653 414 F.3d 187, 196-205 440 F.3d 278, 287-290 466 F.3d 1255, 1266 487 F.3d 261, 264 495 F.3d 753, 756-757 497 F.3d 546 503 F.3d 319, 330 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 9(b) Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6)