Authorities Cited: United States Code 15 U.S.C. § 15 18 U.S.C. § 1453(b) 28 U.S.C. § 1331(d)(1)(B) 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a) 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d) 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d)(1)(B) 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d)(11)(B)(I) 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d)(11)(B)(i) 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d)(2) 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b) 28 U.S.C. § 1453 28 U.S.C. § 1453(c) Supreme Court 111 U.S. 449, 462 136 U.S. 1, 57 204 U.S. 176, 185-186 319 U.S. 302, 304 405 U.S. 251, 252-260 458 U.S. 592, 594-602 473 U.S. 234, 238 491 U.S. 223, 227-228 517 U.S. 44, 56 527 U.S. 706, 728-729 Circuit Courts 474 F.2d 774, 775 625 F.2d 22, 24 704 F.2d 125, 127-129 709 F.2d 1024, 1027-1028 890 F.2d 1329, 1336 894 F.2d 181, 185 48 F.3d 173, 175 119 F.3d 1559, 1564-1565 327 F.3d 423, 426-427 359 F.3d 1237, 1239 375 F.3d 831, 848 381 F.3d 438, 439 434 F.3d 303, 308-309 481 F.3d 234, 238-239 485 F.3d 793, 796 520 F.3d 445, 448 524 F.3d 700, 705-712 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 23 160 F. Supp. 387, 388 384 F. Supp. 2d 749, 755 507 F. Supp. 2d 587 524 F. Supp. 552, 557