Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 1962(c) 38 U.S.C. § 301 42 U.S.C. § 1651 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 5 U.S. 137, 170 246 U.S. 297, 302 330 U.S. 731 339 U.S. 763, 789 369 U.S. 186, 198-217 413 U.S. 1, 5-10 478 U.S. 221, 229-230 481 U.S. 681, 688-690 487 U.S. 392, 398 541 U.S. 267, 277-278 Circuit Courts 17 F.2d 253, 254 331 F.2d 796 373 F.2d 664, 666 471 F.2d 1146, 1153-1157 521 F.2d 234, 235-236 577 F.2d 1196, 1202-1203 642 F.2d 1373, 1375-1379 931 F.2d 271, 277-279 937 F.2d 44, 49-50 940 F.2d 921, 923 14 F.3d 160, 163 74 F.3d 657, 659 105 F.3d 1400, 1404 188 F.3d 606, 613 322 F.3d 365, 368 335 F.3d 453, 466 354 F.3d 348, 351 369 F.3d 457, 460 440 F.3d 278, 286 495 F.3d 191, 205 502 F.3d 1331, 1357-1365 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1) 391 F. Supp. 2d 10, 15-16 444 F. Supp. 2d 1277 450 F. Supp. 2d 1373 454 F. Supp. 2d 637, 639-645 465 F. Supp. 2d 1245, 1248-1254