Authorities Cited: Supreme Court 340 U.S. 36, 39-40 422 U.S. 49, 59 449 U.S. 1101 506 U.S. 9, 12 513 U.S. 18, 25 518 U.S. 149, 150 520 U.S. 43, 68 526 U.S. 629, 633 Circuit Courts 556 F.2d 90, 94 624 F.2d 1216, 1221 734 F.2d 545, 564 741 F.2d 707, 713 938 F.2d 591, 594 992 F.2d 517, 520 224 F.3d 496, 498 286 F.3d 613, 620 335 F.3d 357, 365 397 F.3d 249, 254 431 F.3d 840, 841 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6)