Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1988 28 U.S.C. § 2201 42 U.S.C. § 1988(b) Supreme Court 319 U.S. 624, 642 336 U.S. 490, 502 342 U.S. 337, 340 362 U.S. 17, 22 367 U.S. 497 387 U.S. 136, 148-153 387 U.S. 158, 164 402 U.S. 611, 614-615 406 U.S. 498 406 U.S. 583, 587 408 U.S. 104, 108-110 415 U.S. 452, 458 415 U.S. 566, 573 419 U.S. 102, 138-140 419 U.S. 544, 550 422 U.S. 490, 498 424 U.S. 1, 114 430 U.S. 705, 717 439 U.S. 379, 390 442 U.S. 289, 297 454 U.S. 464, 472 455 U.S. 489, 494-501 461 U.S. 95, 102 461 U.S. 352, 357-358 468 U.S. 737, 750-751 476 U.S. 54, 64 478 U.S. 714, 721 481 U.S. 739, 745 489 U.S. 782, 792 509 U.S. 43, 57 520 U.S. 725, 743 524 U.S. 569, 580 527 U.S. 41, 55-56 541 U.S. 600, 609 547 U.S. 47, 52-62 Circuit Courts 462 F.2d 706, 710 587 F.2d 252, 256 644 F.2d 1030, 1033 660 F.2d 1356, 1360 833 F.2d 583, 586 835 F.2d 550, 553 860 F.2d 357, 359-360 925 F.2d 120, 122 979 F.2d 51, 55 986 F.2d 880, 885 152 F.3d 522, 527 177 F.3d 306, 326 211 F.3d 289, 292 220 F.3d 683, 690 239 F.3d 678, 680 320 F.3d 520, 522 335 F.3d 404, 408 340 F.3d 279, 282 341 F.3d 352, 357 367 F.3d 278, 290 406 F.3d 310, 312 418 F.3d 486 449 F.3d 655, 659 460 F.3d 607, 611 488 F.3d 613, 617 178 F. Supp. 2d 396, 405 371 F. Supp. 2d 522, 543 394 F. Supp. 2d 911, 916