Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1291 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 381 U.S. 303, 304-305 394 U.S. 557, 564 425 U.S. 748, 756 475 U.S. 534, 541 477 U.S. 242, 255 504 U.S. 555, 560-561 523 U.S. 83, 94-95 528 U.S. 167, 180-181 547 U.S. 332, 340 Circuit Courts 842 F.2d 603, 606-608 858 F.2d 775, 787 75 F.3d 834, 838-839 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e)