Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 220 U.S. 61, 78 334 U.S. 266, 285 397 U.S. 471, 485 410 U.S. 356, 364 427 U.S. 297, 303 467 U.S. 69 473 U.S. 432, 439 482 U.S. 342, 348 485 U.S. 360, 370 508 U.S. 307, 313-315 518 U.S. 343, 355 543 U.S. 499, 510 Circuit Courts 886 F.2d 686, 689 965 F.2d 452 107 F.3d 227, 233 182 F.3d 272, 274 213 F.3d 175, 180 232 F.3d 391 324 F.3d 761, 765 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2) Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) 456 F. Supp. 2d 747 869 F. Supp. 1231