Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1291 28 U.S.C. § 1331 28 U.S.C. § 1343 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 300 U.S. 577, 582 393 U.S. 199, 203 395 U.S. 486, 496 408 U.S. 564, 577 433 U.S. 119, 125 436 U.S. 149, 160 440 U.S. 625, 631 444 U.S. 51, 65 455 U.S. 422, 430 477 U.S. 317, 322 481 U.S. 704, 716 490 U.S. 454, 460 494 U.S. 113, 125 501 U.S. 1, 12-40 512 U.S. 374, 393 515 U.S. 472, 426-486 524 U.S. 156, 163 524 U.S. 498 529 U.S. 277, 288 543 U.S. 499, 510 Circuit Courts 771 F.2d 707, 716 899 F.2d 733, 734 112 F.3d 703, 706 128 F.3d 166, 179 186 F.3d 407, 411-412 213 F.3d 140, 143-144 273 F.3d 527, 533 279 F.3d 194, 198 283 F.3d 506, 522-523 292 F.3d 141, 151-152 292 F.3d 152, 157 293 F.3d 683 318 F.3d 523, 531-532 336 F.3d 211, 216 363 F.3d 276, 285