Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1291 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 337 U.S. 541 424 U.S. 409, 420-441 472 U.S. 511, 525 500 U.S. 478, 486-496 509 U.S. 259, 261-276 522 U.S. 118, 120 Circuit Courts 586 F.2d 64, 68 599 F.2d 1203, 1212 723 F.2d 675, 679 726 F.2d 79, 81 860 F.2d 661, 665 871 F.2d 331, 346 913 F.2d 510, 513-514 948 F.2d 1402, 1409-1420 969 F.2d 1454, 1459-1467 31 F.3d 1241, 1251-1253 52 F.3d 1139, 1151 55 F.3d 26, 29 82 F.3d 63, 65 119 F.3d 1070, 1076 125 F.3d 139, 141-147 181 F.3d 339, 355-356 215 F.3d 367, 373-374 242 F.3d 121, 125 330 F.3d 791, 799 465 F.3d 129, 134-139 472 F.3d 74, 78-81 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Fed. R. Crim. P. 46(h)