Authorities Cited: United States Code 5 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(1) 28 U.S.C. § 1291 28 U.S.C. § 1331 28 U.S.C. § 1343 42 U.S.C. § 1983 42 U.S.C. § 1988 42 U.S.C. § 1988(b) Supreme Court 455 U.S. 283, 289 461 U.S. 424, 433-435 461 U.S. 434 486 U.S. 750 489 U.S. 782, 792 505 U.S. 123 508 U.S. 656, 662 528 U.S. 167, 189 532 U.S. 598, 602-609 Circuit Courts 625 F.2d 845, 847 810 F.2d 1551, 1560 811 F.2d 793, 801 861 F.2d 793, 795-796 961 F.2d 1508, 1511-1512 127 F.3d 709, 716-717 273 F.3d 527, 535 282 F.3d 268, 276-277 287 F.3d 267, 271-273 290 F.3d 159, 163-165 300 F.3d 1092, 1095-1096 312 F.3d 736, 753-754 318 F.3d 545, 558-559 400 F.3d 939, 945-950 423 F.3d 714, 718-725 433 F.3d 1083, 1086 442 F.3d 848 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(a)