Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 1344 28 U.S.C. § 2255 Supreme Court 281 U.S. 276, 312 Circuit Courts 704 F.2d 267, 274-275 851 F.2d 34, 37 10 F.3d 65, 66-68 45 F.3d 1423, 1431 77 F.3d 391, 396 102 F.3d 126, 130 393 F.3d 99, 104 448 F.3d 86, 93 461 F.3d 477, 491-492 515 F.3d 284, 286 536 F.3d 190, 2008 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Fed. R. Crim. P. 23(a) Fed. R. Crim. P. 23(a)(1)