Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1291 42 U.S.C. § 1981 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 402 U.S. 47, 48 411 U.S. 792 445 U.S. 375, 382 477 U.S. 57, 67 510 U.S. 17, 21-23 536 U.S. 101, 111-117 Circuit Courts 738 F.2d 1181, 1185 794 F.2d 598, 601 901 F.2d 1578, 1580 170 F.3d 1056, 1059 171 F.3d 1364 182 F.3d 1279, 1284 197 F.3d 1322, 1337 202 F.3d 1303, 1312 207 F.3d 1303, 1334 212 F.3d 571, 590 220 F.3d 1263, 1286 253 F.3d 561, 565 257 F.3d 1238, 1247 277 F.3d 1269, 1275 285 F.3d 1339, 1343 331 F.3d 1259, 1262 376 F.3d 1079, 1089 390 F.3d 695, 725-740 447 F.3d 1319, 1323 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)