Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1257 28 U.S.C. § 1291 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a) 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 263 U.S. 413, 444 387 U.S. 294 389 U.S. 347, 357 399 U.S. 30, 34 415 U.S. 164, 172 436 U.S. 499, 509 436 U.S. 658, 690 437 U.S. 385, 392-393 445 U.S. 573, 583-602 451 U.S. 204 457 U.S. 800, 814 460 U.S. 462 472 U.S. 511, 526-530 475 U.S. 335, 341 483 U.S. 635, 638-640 483 U.S. 868, 107-873 489 U.S. 602 489 U.S. 656 495 U.S. 91, 95 497 U.S. 177, 181 515 U.S. 646 526 U.S. 603, 609-610 533 U.S. 194, 200-202 534 U.S. 112, 122 536 U.S. 635 536 U.S. 730, 736-741 544 U.S. 280, 284 546 U.S. 459, 460-466 546 U.S. 1109, 1126 547 U.S. 398 Circuit Courts 791 F.2d 1512, 1529 890 F.2d 355, 360 898 F.2d 1530, 1532 920 F.2d 1423, 1426 31 F.3d 1067, 1068 69 F.3d 1539, 1552 71 F.3d 819, 829 77 F.3d 540, 545 114 F.3d 181, 182 195 F.3d 1225, 1229 268 F.3d 1014, 1032 290 F.3d 1331, 1334-1338 290 F.3d 1338 311 F.3d 1340, 1350 313 F.3d 1300, 1302 351 F.3d 1080, 1084 381 F.3d 1243, 1247-1248 412 F.3d 1232, 1236 415 F.3d 1252, 1257 438 F.3d 1288, 1293 445 F.3d 1323, 1327-1328 458 F.3d 1295, 1303 483 F.3d 1231, 1237 485 F.3d 1130, 1137