Authorities Cited: Supreme Court 324 U.S. 229, 233 459 U.S. 56, 58 470 U.S. 564, 572-573 Circuit Courts 730 F.2d 675, 679-680 762 F.2d 542, 546 782 F.2d 1267 796 F.2d 1435, 1437 821 F.2d 581, 585 823 F.2d 836, 839 828 F.2d 239, 241 949 F.2d 1300, 1307 60 F.3d 724, 725 64 F.3d 630, 636 69 F.3d 746, 748 123 F.3d 1353, 1373 140 F.3d 463, 470-471 244 F.3d 1323, 1326 293 F.3d 1332, 1337 331 F.3d 1257, 1259 344 F.3d 1263, 1275 415 F.3d 1257, 1264 494 F.3d 1320, 1328 494 F.3d 1356, 1360 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 52