Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 428 U.S. 153, 173 429 U.S. 97, 104 457 U.S. 800, 818 485 U.S. 112, 127 511 U.S. 825, 842 518 U.S. 343, 351 520 U.S. 397, 410 532 U.S. 731, 738 534 U.S. 516, 524 536 U.S. 730, 739-741 543 U.S. 194, 199 Circuit Courts 733 F.2d 14, 17 787 F.2d 1496, 1499 802 F.2d 397, 401 854 F.2d 454 888 F.2d 783, 788 996 F.2d 1121, 1123 21 F.3d 388, 394 40 F.3d 1176, 1187-1189 50 F.3d 1579, 1582 116 F.3d 1419 117 F.3d 488, 489 159 F.3d 1321 182 F.3d 1248, 1260 193 F.3d 1263, 1269 212 F.3d 1205, 1207 223 F.3d 1340, 1344 247 F.3d 736, 740 268 F.3d 1014, 1032-1037 311 F.3d 1340, 1351 326 F.3d 1352, 1360 326 F.3d 1360 344 F.3d 1161, 1164 345 F.3d 866, 902 372 F.3d 218, 232 380 F.3d 680, 688-689 402 F.3d 1092, 1115 407 F.3d 1152, 1156 420 F.3d 1262, 1268 422 F.3d 1265, 1272-1274 429 F.3d 1324, 1326 438 F.3d 804, 811 480 F.3d 1265, 1271 486 F.3d 1199, 1203 496 F.3d 1321, 1328-1329