Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1981 Supreme Court 411 U.S. 792, 802 450 U.S. 248, 253 509 U.S. 502, 511-515 530 U.S. 133, 146-148 546 U.S. 454 Circuit Courts 598 F.2d 337, 341 763 F.2d 1227 69 F.3d 441, 454 106 F.3d 1519, 1538 161 F.3d 1318, 1330 207 F.3d 1303, 1339 229 F.3d 1012, 1033-1034 247 F.3d 1172, 1185-1186 261 F.3d 1262, 1267 280 F.3d 1295, 1299 376 F.3d 1079, 1088 390 F.3d 695, 725-732 408 F.3d 763, 768 446 F.3d 1160, 1163 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)