Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b) 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 423 U.S. 147, 149 441 U.S. 520, 559-599 457 U.S. 800, 818 461 U.S. 95, 101-102 471 U.S. 808, 823 483 U.S. 635, 640 489 U.S. 378, 385-388 520 U.S. 781, 791 533 U.S. 194, 201-202 536 U.S. 730, 736-741 540 U.S. 431, 437 Circuit Courts 773 F.2d 1169, 1173 846 F.2d 1327, 1328 872 F.2d 1248, 1255 961 F.2d 188, 193 80 F.3d 1525, 1530-1532 101 F.3d 1378, 1381 137 F.3d 1285, 1292 236 F.3d 678, 680-682 251 F.3d 1340 268 F.3d 1014, 1022-1033 285 F.3d 962, 969 311 F.3d 1340, 1346-1352 313 F.3d 1300, 1302 316 F.3d 1203, 1207 321 F.3d 1334, 1335 334 F.3d 991, 994 335 F.3d 1326 338 F.3d 1304 351 F.3d 485 356 F.3d 211, 216 364 F.3d 1298 392 F.3d 1283, 1289 400 F.3d 1313 405 F.3d 954, 956 407 F.3d 1272 422 F.3d 37 422 F.3d 1246, 1251-1252 470 F.3d 1362, 1366 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) 376 F. Supp. 2d 1340