Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 7661 Supreme Court 247 U.S. 350, 352 260 U.S. 441 355 U.S. 41, 45 368 U.S. 448, 456 433 U.S. 425, 472 472 U.S. 511, 524-526 483 U.S. 635, 638-639 488 U.S. 336 502 U.S. 224, 227 505 U.S. 1, 10 528 U.S. 562 536 U.S. 730, 741-743 Circuit Courts 113 F.2d 812, 813 369 F.2d 821, 825 505 F.2d 97, 100 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 758 F.2d 1426, 1430 830 F.2d 1107, 1109 922 F.2d 1536 132 F.3d 1359, 1367 160 F.3d 386, 387 268 F.3d 1014, 1032 284 F.3d 1188, 1199 285 F.3d 1334, 1337 286 F.3d 452, 455 304 F.3d 1045, 1047 311 F.3d 1340 330 F.3d 1313, 1316 371 F.3d 992, 1002-1009 434 F.3d 1306, 1314 449 F.3d 1342, 1352 483 F.3d 1231, 1237-1249 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 10(c) 359 F. Supp. 2d 1358 374 F. Supp. 2d 1084